The main objective of this work is to discuss the materiality of relationships and experiences of infants in early childhood education, based on a dialogue with the Brazilian curriculum guidelines for Early Childhood Education in 3 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, and with the concepts of technical objects and individuation developed by Simondon. This is a qualitative research that uses bibliographic and documentary research as a methodology and the production of cartographies of scenes in which relationships between babies (...) and objects are observed. The cartography used here is inspired by the records developed by Fernand Deligny (2015) and its appropriation for research with babies, as proposed by Julia Oliveira (2016). Research was carried out on this topic in the field of education, going through scientific articles and guiding documents for early childhood education. The authors mapped the paths and affections of babies and their relationships with objects in two distinct scenes that were collected within the scope of a collective project. It is a work that contributes to early childhood education in general and, specifically, to baby studies (Infantology, Babyhood studies). (shrink)

Existem diversos estudos que indicam os fatores de risco relacionados ao uso de drogas, entre eles, está a adolescência, considerada um período de maior vulnerabilidade. No entanto, pesquisas atuais estão interessadas em conhecer os fatores promotores de saúde e proteção, com o objetivo de prevenir o desenvolvimento de comportamentos de risco, mesmo em situações de vulnerabilidade. Nessa perspectiva, a religiosidade vem sendo identificada como fator protetor ao uso de drogas; mas, apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos causais desse (...) importante fenômeno. Esse artigo, apresenta uma pesquisa que buscou investigar as dimensões pedagógicas das práticas religiosas de um grupo de adolescentes pertencentes a uma igreja evangélica do município de Canoas/RS, que atuam na proteção ao uso de drogas na adolescência. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis jovens que atuam como líderes do grupo de adolescentes da instituição religiosa participante da pesquisa. Esse contexto caracteriza a pesquisa como um estudo de caso. Para a análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os princípios da grounded-theory, ou teoria fundamentada nos dados. Dessa forma, foram observadas quatro dimensões pedagógicas nas práticas religiosas do grupo participante da pesquisa, que poderiam atuar de maneira protetiva ao uso de drogas na adolescência. São elas: educação para o apoio social, educação para a autorregulação, educação para o entretenimento consciente e educação para a espiritualidade. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a relevância do tema para a saúde pública e para a possibilidade da inserção das dimensões pedagógicas, encontradas nesse contexto religioso, em programas educativos de prevenção ao uso de drogas na adolescência. (shrink)

The article intends to discuss processes of political subjectivation of children and young people based on excerpts from a research carried out within the scope of a master's degree in education, presenting a cartography of the political participation of children and young people living in vulnerable territories of the municipality of São Vicente, on the south coast from São Paulo, members of collectives and educational actions of the Instituto Camará Calunga. The concepts of mobilization and subjectivation are presented as important (...) elements of politicization processes, portraying the way in which children and young people engage politically in different ways, coordinated or supported by adults, representing themselves or supporting adults in their demands, opposing the notion that children do not act politically or that the ideal way for children and young people to participate would be to produce consensus and there would be no room for contestation. The research took place in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, essentially in a virtual way, but it traces a continuity with the Institute's participation practices in the pre-pandemic period. The research made use of the cartographic method, in a virtual and face-to-face way, in the context of live work, of daily living with children, young people and educators from Camará, through semi-structured interviews and field diaries. (shrink)

Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de duas alunas matriculadas em uma disciplina de estágio básico com foco no desenvolvimento da observação sistemática. A experiência ocorreu em 2016, no contexto do quinto semestre do curso de Psicologia de uma universidade particular do estado de São Paulo. Os alunos matriculados na disciplina deveriam realizar 4 horas de observação e 2 horas de supervisão acadêmica por semana. Nove observações orientadas foram realizadas, partindo-se da observação aleatória até a realização de uma (...) observação sistemática. Os resultados mostraram que a disciplina promoveu a aproximação entre teoria e prática e possibilitou uma integração com outras disciplinas cursadas anteriormente. Verificou-se que o conhecimento adquirido ao longo do semestre, o desenvolvimento pessoal no campo e os avanços percebidos na disciplina foram centrais para a formação profissional das alunas e para a preparação das etapas subsequentes do curso de psicologia – foco da disciplina. (shrink)

A partir de la perspectiva que ofrece el concepto de “vulnerabilidad social” como un potente analizador que permite visibilizar, entre otras cuestiones, la marcada incertidumbre que sienten numerosas/os jóvenes en relación a su futuro, enlazada a los cuestionamientos respecto de lo que les ofrece el sistema educativo en las actuales condiciones, y el sentido de la educación “en jaque” ante la falta de garantías de promover y propiciar el acceso justo y digno al mundo laboral con su consecuente promesa de (...) movilidad social ascendente, este trabajo se propone advertir acerca de los alcances e implicancias que tienen la s marca s de inseguridad, inestabilidad y precariedad del contexto socioeconómico regional en el que se inscriben sus trayectorias de vida y escolares, singulares y colectivas, en sus oportunidades, deseos y apuestas. El trabajo enfatiza finalmente en que al p reguntar y preguntarse desde “ adolescencias situadas ” por los deseos, los futuros, las prácticas y sus sentidos, se habilita n senderos no sólo para desarmar discursos sociales y de las disciplinas instituida s que reproducen identidades patologizadas, tuteladas y exclusiones diversas, sino también para promover movimientos subjetivos en y entre las/os propias/os p rotagonistas, y los adultos a cargo de su acompañamiento tanto del campo de la salud/salud mental como del de la educación, al interrogar(se / nos) por trayectorias supuestamente predefinidas, cuestión esta que supone no solo un desafío para la Psicología y la Psiquiatría sino también todo un reto para la Pedagogía en sus versiones paradigmáticas hegemónicas. (shrink)

En este trabajo se presenta una comparación de los tiempos de respuesta, optimización de la ruta y complejidad del grafo en métodos de planificación de trayectoria para robots móviles autónomos. Se contrastan los desarrollos de Voronoi, Campos potenciales, Roadmap probabilístico y Descomposición en celdas para la navegación en un mismo entorno y validándolos para un número variable de obstáculos. Las evaluaciones demuestran que el método de generación de trayectoria por Campos Potenciales, mejora la navegación respecto de la menor (...) ruta obtenida, el método Rapidly Random Tree genera los grafos de menor complejidad y el método Descomposición en celdas, se desempeña con menor tiempo de respuesta y menor coste computacional. Palabras Clave: optimización, trayectoria, métodos de planificación, robots móviles. Referencias [1]H. Ajeil, K. Ibraheem, A. Sahib y J. Humaidi, “Multi-objective path planning of an autonomous mobile robot using hybrid PSO-MFB optimization algorithm, ” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 89, April 2020. [2]K.Patle, G. Babu, A. Pandey, D.R.K. Parhi y A. Jagadeesh, “A review: On path planning strategies for navigation of mobile robot,” Defence Technology, vol. 15, pp. 582-606, August 2019. [3]T. Mack, C. Copot, D. Trung y R. De Keyser, “Heuristic approaches in robot path planning: A survey,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 86, pp. 13-28, December 2016. [4]L. Zhang, Z. Lin, J. Wang y B. He, “Rapidly-exploring Random Trees multi-robot map exploration under optimization framework,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 131, 2020. [5]S. Khan y M. K. Ahmmed, "Where am I? Autonomous navigation system of a mobile robot in an unknown environment," 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision, pp. 56-61, December 2016. [6]V. Castro, J. P. Neira, C. L. Rueda, J. C. Villamizar y L. Angel, "Autonomous Navigation Strategies for Mobile Robots using a Probabilistic Neural Network," IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 2795-2800, Taipei, 2007. [7]Y. Li, W. Wei, Y. Gao, D. Wang y C. Fan, “PQ-RRT*: An improved path planning algorithm for mobile robots,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 152, August 2020. [8]A. Muñoz, “Generación global de trayectorias para robots móviles, basada en curvas betaspline,” Dep. Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla, 2014. [9]H. Montiel, E. Jacinto y H. Martínez, “Generación de Ruta Óptima para Robots Móviles a Partir de Segmentación de Imágenes,” Información Tecnológica, vol. 26, 2015. [10] C. Expósito, “Los diagramas de Vornooi, la forma matemática de dividir el mundo,” Dialnet, Diciembre 2016. (shrink)

La investigación etnográfica se ha desarrollado ampliamente en las últimas décadas, ha sido adoptada por numerosos campos del saber: sociología, psicología social, historia, y otras disciplinas sociales. Desde una perspectiva amplia y tradicional, la etnografía puede entenderse desde una triple acepción: como método, como texto y como enfoque (Guber, 2014). Nos interesa retomar esta última acepción dado que nos conduce a reflexionar en torno a su complejidad, más allá de la palabra dicha, recuperar los gestos, sensaciones, emociones, miradas, sentipensares (...) que dan sentido a los acontecimientos cotidianos. Las múltiples dimensiones de conocimiento que se ponen en juego en el trabajo de campo en tanto experiencia vivida (Quirós, 2011) como investigadores pueden ampliarse y debatirse a partir considerar el hecho de "dejarnos afectar" como instrumento metodológico. Acompañar y comprender los procesos socioeducativos en la escuela secundaria, su cotidianeidad, integra experiencias que constituyen, desde cada sujeto particular, acciones significativas de producción y reproducción social y apropiación cultural, así la vida cotidiana abarca gran cantidad de actividades mediante las cuales estudiantes, docentes, padres dan existencia a la escuela dentro del horizonte cultural que circunscribe cada comunidad. (shrink)

Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) foi um professor e pesquisador que contribuiu para o campo da ecologia da vida selvagem, destacando-se no ambientalismo norte-americano do século XX. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sob uma perspectiva filosófica a conservação da biodiversidade adotada por Aldo Leopold a partir de análise de trechos da sua última obra A sand county almanac and sketches here and there (1949). O livro, elaborado em seus anos de experiência na fazenda da família, apresenta uma série de ensaios com (...) uma abordagem ecológica da relação do ser humano com a natureza. As duas primeiras partes contêm ensaios resultantes da leitura da paisagem, adotando a perspectiva de elementos bióticos e abióticos do ambiente, assim como, ponderações resultantes de sua experiência profissional. A terceira parte da obra traz reflexões de caráter filosófico a respeito da estética da conservação e ética da Terra promovendo uma reinterpretação da identidade humana e do relacionamento com a terra. (shrink)

Existen en el campo de las ciencias sociales numerosas investigaciones que abordan la problemática de la praxis, sin embargo, menos común es encontrar estudios que vinculen esta categoría al estudio del movimiento obrero. A lo largo de estas notas se busca construir un marco de análisis desde el cua..

Interessamo-nos, neste trabalho, em refletir acerca de uma aproximação entre estética e ecologia por meio do conceito de unidade, tal como anteriormente indicada por Freitas (2005). Diante de um contexto contemporâneo de crise ambiental, propomos lançar um olhar para o campo da arquitetura e do urbanismo, em que observamos uma crescente busca por modelos estéticos e epistemológicos que se caracterizem como ecológicos. Tomamos como referencial teórico a filosofia pragmatista de Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), considerando, em especial, a afinidade apontada por (...) Nöth (1996; 1998; 2001) entre esse pensamento e a ecologia. Partindo daí, organizamos o trabalho em dois momentos distintos: um primeiro, conceitual; e um segundo, voltado para a relação entre conceito e prática. Iniciamos por identificar e selecionar, em escritos de Peirce e de seus estudiosos, alguns entre os usos do termo unidade, buscando compreender o modo como está relacionado a conceitos próprios de sua filosofia, percorrendo a fenomenologia, as ciências normativas e a metafísica, com passagem pelo pragmatismo, pressupondo evidenciar uma compreensão de unidade que fundamenta aquela aproximação inicial. Com base nisso, refletimos, em seguida, acerca dessa concepção com relação à arquitetura e ao urbanismo, a partir do trabalho de Toyo Ito, que se interessou pela transição de uma estética da máquina para uma estética de fluxos e cujo diálogo profissional entre a teoria e a prática nos conduz a considerações mais amplas acerca do conhecimento em arquitetura, com consequências para a formação de novas condutas nesse campo. (shrink)

Eunápio de Sardes, em sua Vida dos Sofistas (Eun.VS 6.6.5 – 6.9.15), apresenta a vida de Sosípatra de Pérgamo, uma jovem de poderes divinatórios e clarividentes que se tornou uma filósofa filiada à escola neoplatônica. Em meio às clarividências de Sosípatra, veremos os episódios que a levaram ainda muito jovem às iniciações teúrgicas e algumas poucas cenas adicionais de sua vida adulta. Veremos como o autor retoma lugares comuns derivados da ambiência do Fedro de Platão e, por fim, apresentaremos uma (...) tradução em português anotada para o trecho de Eunápio. (shrink)

Although empirical evidence may provide a much desired sense of certainty amidst a pandemic characterised by uncertainty, the vast gamut of available COVID-19 data, including misinformation, has instead increased confusion and distrust in authorities’ decisions. One key lesson we have been gradually learning from the COVID-19 pandemic is that the availability of empirical data and scientific evidence alone do not automatically lead to good decisions. Good decision-making in public health policy, this paper argues, does depend on the availability of reliable (...) data and rigorous analyses, but depends above all on sound ethical reasoning that ascribes value and normative judgement to empirical facts. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 212-214.

This paper examines the problem of dying alone in the context of no-visitors hospital policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. It critically analyses a rights-based solution, offering a democratized vi...

This commentary defines what shared yet differentiated ethical responsibilities to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mean, by introducing a threefold principled account of AMR global governance. It argues that the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity, and stewardship can be especially helpful for further justifying some of the universal, differentiated, and individual responsibilities that Van Katwyk et al propose. The upshot of my threefold principled account of AMR global governance is a less ambitious AMR treaty, one that can only justify (i) universal duties (...) of global coordination (as per the principle of solidarity); (ii) differentiated duties to local communities, which bear the primary AMR responsibilities (as per the principle of subsidiarity); and (iii) individualized duties for ensuring truthful, evidence-based, consistent, and timely shared accountable communication (as per the principle of stewardship). (shrink)

This paper argues that the existing definition of pandemics is not nuanced enough, because it is predicated solely on the criterion of spread, rather than on the criteria of spread and severity. This definitional challenge is what I call ‘the conflation problem’: there is a conflation of two different realities of global health, namely global health emergencies (i.e., severe communicable diseases that spread across borders) and nonemergencies (i.e., communicable or noncommunicable diseases that spread across borders and that may be severe). (...) To put this argument forth, this paper begins by discussing the existing and internationally accepted definition of pandemics, its requirements, as well as its strengths (section 1). Section 2 then considers the problem with the standard definition of pandemics (i.e., the conflation problem) and some examples of it. Finally, section 3 evaluates some practical implications of the conflation problem to then explore conceptual clarity as the adequate solution. (shrink)

Although the value of health is universally agreed upon, its definition is not. Both the WHO and the UN define health in terms of well-being. They advocate a globally shared responsibility that all of us — states, international organizations, pharmaceutical corporations, civil society, and individuals — bear for the health (that is, the well-being) of the world's population. In this paper I argue that this current well-being conception of health is troublesome. Its problem resides precisely in the fact that the (...) well-being conception of health, as an all-encompassing label, does not properly distinguish between the different realities of health and the different demands of justice, which arise in each case. In addressing responsibilities related to the right to health, we need to work with a more differentiated vocabulary, which can account for these different realities. A crucial distinction to bear in mind, for the purposes of moral deliberation and the crafting of political and legal institutions, is the difference between basic and non-basic health needs. This distinction is crucial because we have presumably more stringent obligations and rights in relation to human needs that are basic, as they justify stronger moral claims, than those grounded on non-basic human needs. It is important to keep this moral distinction in mind because many of the world's problems regarding the right to health relate to basic health needs. By conflating these needs with less essential ones, we risk confusing different types of moral claims and weakening the overall case for establishing duties regarding the right to health. There is, therefore, a practical need to reevaluate the current normative conception of health so that it distinguishes, within the broad scope of well-being, between what is basic and what is not. My aim here is to shed light onto this distinction and to show the need for this differentiation. I do so, first, by providing, on the basis of David Miller's concept of basic needs, an account of basic health needs and, secondly, by mounting a defense of the basic needs approach to the right to health, arguing against James Griffin who opposes the basic needs approach. (shrink)

Our society is obsessed with health. At every second, everywhere, we are surrounded and overwhelmed by distressing calls on how vital it is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. While incorporating a healthy diet and physical exercise into our routines are the foremost commandments, everything from tobacco to refined sugars, trans fat, excessive alcohol, caffeine, and even eggs are declared public evils. Yet there is hope: medicines will save us! And indeed medicines exist available for all kinds of human afflictions. There (...) are pills to help you relax and forget about stress, while some others, on the contrary, can keep you miraculously alert. There are pills that heal your most unbearable pains, physical or emotional, wherever their location — the head, back, quadriceps, heart, or soul. Though they may cause your stomach to burn, that is easily remedied by taking a complementary pill that will neutralize your stomach acidity with only some minor and negligible side effects elsewhere. There are also magic pills that promise you happiness, by giving you the power to thrive and the endurance to conquer the world. They ignite your hunger for achievement, but also for extra sugar and saturated fat. (shrink)

Nesta apresentação, breve homenagem ao professor Franklin Leopoldo e Silva, nossa proposta é investigar o modo pelo qual o autor compreende a relação entre literatura e filosofia, sobretudo a partir de certa aproximação proposta por ele entre a obra de Proust e o pensamento de Bergson. Para essa discussão, nos apoiamos aqui especialmente em seu ensaio Bergson, Proust: tensões do tempo.

It is generally accepted that patents are a driving force for innovation through research and development. But the university's involvement in patenting is problematic as well. In particular, it is in tension with the idea of a university itself. If patents entail a restriction on the accessibility of the scientific knowledge that has been patented, and if the main purpose of universities is to produce and disseminate knowledge to the public, then, there is a tension: when universities patent their research (...) innovations, they are making the scientific knowledge they produce less accessible to the public. The paper argues that university patenting contradicts the very idea of a university as an institution whose mission is fundamentally to disseminate the knowledge it produces to the public. The practice of university patenting involves an un-academic attitude thus: by inciting an attitude towards knowledge that is not consistent with the proper attitudes and goals of a university, university patenting hurt.. (shrink)

This article challenges the orthodox view of international law, according to which states have no legal duty to cooperate. It argues for this legal duty in the context of COVID-19, based on the ethical principles of solidarity, stewardship, and subsidiarity. More specifically, the article argues that states have a legal duty to cooperate during a pandemic (as solidarity requires); and while this duty entails an extraterritorial responsibility to care for and assist other nations (as stewardship requires), the legal duty to (...) cooperate still allows states to attend first to the basic needs of those under their own jurisdiction—namely, fellow nationals and residents (as subsidiarity requires). The article provides a definition and philosophical justifications for this legal duty that are lacking in the literature by examining its application to a current COVID-19 controversy: namely, states’ responsibility to assist other countries in greater need by, inter alia, exporting at a discount or donating scarce COVID-19 treatments (including vaccines). In providing a principled tripartite account of pandemic governance, this conceptual and normative article offers a new lens for debating the potential international treaty for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response that has now been drafted and is under negotiation at the World Health Assembly, by responding to the recent backlash against multilateralism by substantiating global co-responsibilities in times of pandemics and beyond. (shrink)

From the scene of the singing cicadas in the _Phaedrus_, we will show the affinities between the mention of the dangerous sleep at noon (_Phdr_. 258e6-259d8) and a mythical episode in the life of Epimenides. Next, we will look at the possible affinities between the description of Dionysian madness (_Phdr_. 244d5-245a1) and the type of divination practiced by Epimenides of Crete (DK 3 B 1-25). From these approaches, we intend to describe and elucidate the common imaginary with which Plato elaborates (...) his reception and assimilation of the archaic poetic tradition in his philosophy. (shrink)

This paper suggests that the focus on abortion legalization in the aftermath of the Zika outbreak is distracting for policy and lawmakers from what needs to be done to address the outbreak effectively. Meeting basic health needs, together with research and development conducive to a vaccine or treatment for the Zika virus should be priorities.

Neste artigo, buscaremos refletir sobre como Hannah Arendt concebe um certo tipo de educação ao mesmo tempo _conservadora_ e _revolucionária_. Este será, assim como a indicação de que pensar sobre a questão educacional das crianças e jovens diz respeito a uma crise mais geral na modernidade, um ponto de tensionamento rumo à hipótese segundo a qual é possível refletir sobre como inserir os imigrantes, refugiados ou apátridas em um local ao qual se dirigiram e que lhes é estranho. Para tanto, (...) o fio condutor desta argumentação será o conceito de natalidade, pois consideramos ser a partir dele que Arendt evoca a radicalidade da qual todos os seres humanos são portadores, isto é, a potencialidade de começar algo novo. Assim, articulam-se os tensionamentos entre conservar um mundo que é precedente aos que lhe são recém-chegados, tanto as crianças como os migrantes, ao mesmo tempo em que estes adicionam algo de si mesmo neste mundo para os que ainda estão por vir. (shrink)

This study argues against the expansive approach to the WHO reform, according to which to be a better global health leader, WHO should do more, be given more power and financial resources, have more operational capacities, and have more teeth by introducing more coercive monitoring and compliance mechanisms to its IHR. The expansive approach is a political problem, whose root cause lies in ethics: WHO’s political overambition is grounded on WHO’s lack of conceptual clarity on what good leadership means and (...) what health (as a human right) means. This study presents this ethical analysis by putting forth an alternative: the humble approach to the WHO reform. It argues that to be a better leader, WHO should do much less and have a much narrower mandate. More specifically, WHO should focus exclusively on coordination efforts, by ensuring truthful, evidence-based, consistent, and timely shared communications regarding PHEIC among WHO member-states and other global health stakeholders, if the organization desires to be a real global health leader whose authority the international community respects and whose guidance people trust. (shrink)

The moral value of health : health as a basic human need -- The human right to health and its corresponding responsibilities -- States and natural persons as subjects of justice -- Pharmaceutical transnational corporations as subjects of justice -- The global health governance of the global health crisis.

Dans cet article, nous approcherons la notion husserlienne d’ha- bitus, en essayant de la clarifier à partir des enjeux soulevés par le rapport entre passivité et activité. Dans la phénoménologie génétique husserlienne, l’habitus joue un rôle central dans la constitution du sens, mais aussi pour la constitution de la subjectivité personnelle. Nous tenterons de montrer que la notion d’habitus chez Husserl apparaît en référence à différents niveaux de la constitution, où elle participe d’une pa...